The Ideologists and First Financiers of
Hitler P.1
During and even prior
to the period of Hitler's intense collaboration with the Aufbau Vereinigung, organization members Fedor
Vinberg, Alfred Rosenberg, and Max von Scheubner- Richter (the last two of whom likewise served as
key National Socialist leaders) transmitted anti-Semitic White Russian thought
with its apocalyptic and conspiratorial characteristics both to Hitler directly
and indirectly through the Fuhrer's early voelkisch
mentor Dietrich Eckart. (See also Hitler’s Source, and “Protocols” on world-news-research.com)
Strengthened by the
successful organization and implementation of the Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall
in the summer of 1921, the White russian “Aufbau”
organization followed a two-pronged strategy of intensified anti-Bolshevik and anti Weimar operations through the means of political
terror and secret military organization, all the while expanding its influence
over Hitler's fledgling National Socialist movement. In its covert military
undertakings, Aufbau forged a "league of the defeated" to overthrow
both the prevailing Versailles system in Europe and Bolshevik rule to the East.
Building upon the legacy of earlier German/White anti-Bolshevik campaigns,
Aufbau raised powerful armed forces intended for operation in the Baltic
region.
While most concerned
with overthrowing the Soviet Union and establishing favorable political and
economic ties between right wing German and "Russian" states, Aufbau
also participated in political terror inside Germany in collaboration with
Organization C, a conspiratorial far right association under leading Kapp
Putsch figure Captain Hermann Ehrhardt that possessed considerable connections
with the National Socialist Party. Some Aufbau members killed Walther Rathenau,
Germany's Foreign Minister, and a prominent Constitutional Democrat, Vladimir
Nabokov.
Scheubner-Richter and Bliskupskii
succeeded in arousing right wing interest in Vyshivannyi's
bid for an independent Ukraine, helping to secure financing for his cause from
Aufbau members and sympathetic Bavarian parties in the area of two million
Marks.
The wealthy president
of Aufbau. Baron Theodor von Cramer-Kiett, granted Vyshivannyi particularly considerable subsidies, and Aufbaumember Vladimir Kcppen
contributed 60.000 Swiss Franks to support Vyshivannyi's undertaking. General Ludendorff (see “The
German Kaiser's Confident” on world-news-research.com) lent his name to Vyshivannyi's efforts. as did Aufbau's leading Ukrainian
representative. Ivan Poltavets-Ostranitsa, who served
in Vyshivannyi's Supreme Council in Vienna. (1)
Aufbau supported Vyshivannyi in order to prepare the groundwork for the
return of Habsburg rule to Austria. (2)
Vyshivannyi signed an agreement with Scheubner-Richter
and Biskupskii in the summer of 1921 according to
which he officially commissioned Biskupskii with
forming his army on Bavarian soil for ultimate use in the Ukraine. In return, Vyshivannyi granted Biskupskii, Scheubner-Richter, and their wealthy Aufbau associates
financial rewards in the form of trading and industrial concessions in the
future Ukrainian state. At the beginning of September 1921. Biskupskii
sent an agent to Hungary to purchase horses for Vyshivannyi's
army in Bavaria. Vyshivannyi established recruiting
centers outside of Bavaria, notably in Berlin. His organization paid volunteers
for their trip to Bavaria and beyond.
Biskupskil prepared a two-pronged White campaign against the
Soviet Union with both northern and southern offensives. As well as overseeing
the formation of Vyshivannyi's army that was to
operate in the Ukraine, he organized another White intervention in the Baltic
region. In this latter endeavor, he collaborated with his old comrade General Ploir Glasenap, who had taken
over command of the Russian Northwestern Army In Estonia from General
Ludendorff in 1919, and with Piotr Bermondt-Avalov,
the leader of the Western Volunteer Army in the Latvian Intervention of 1919.
The three White officers organized an interventionary
force with German Freikorps (volunteer corps) support intended for Lithuania,
Latvia, and Estonia that was to engage Soviet troops in the north while Vyshivannyl's army invaded the Ukraine.(3)
Biskupskil's collaboration with Bermondt-Avalov
aroused the suspicion of the Reichskommissar fuer die Uberwachung der Offentfichen Ordnung, which
asserted in September 1921 that Bermondt-Avalov, with
his "adventurous nature" nevertheless was a sincere sponsor of German-Russian
rapprochement, he hates the Entente with his entire soul, and he perceives an
alliance between Germany and Russia to be the only possibility to overthrow the
Bolsheviks and to take revenge together against the Entente. The Weimar
Republic's secret political police concluded that he had laudable intentions,
which, driven by "morbid vanity," he could not carry out.(4)
At the talks in
Budapest, Scheubner-Richter posited that Germany's
renewal could only take place after a "Russian" nationalist rebirth,
but he stressed that the Ukraine represented the most vital "Russian"
region for the struggle against Bolshevism. and he advocated the consolidation
of all anti-Bolshevik elements there under Vyshivannyi's
leadership. He stressed the need for wide-ranging Ukrainian autonomy, noting
that the Russian Empire could not be reconstituted in its old form in any case.
To sweeten the prospect of an independent Ukraine under Vyshivannyi,
he emphasized that the industrial and financial circles he represented were
prepared to guarantee German capital and technology for a variety of projects
throughout the former Russian Empire after the overthrow of the Bolsheviks. (5)
In addition to
planning military interventions against the Soviet Union that never came to
fruition, Aufbau, in league with the National Socialist Party, increasingly
engaged in and supported political terrorism on German soil. In May 1921,
before the Monarchical Congress at Bad Reichenhall, Biskupskil,
in harness with his Aufbau colleague Colonel Karl Bauer in Budapest, received
12 million Hungarian Crowns from Hungarian regent Admiral Nicholas Horthy's
regime and used some of this money to place a contract for the assassination of
Aleksandr Kerenskii, the former leader of the
Provisional Government in Russia before the Bolshevik seizure of power. Whom Biskupskii and other Whites blamed for undermining Imperial
Russia.(6)
While Bisicupskii never succeeded in bringing about Kerenskii's death. Aufbau members carried a series of
high-profile assassinations, in the Weimar Republic, helping to establish
terror as a means of political pressure from the radical night. On March 28,
1922, Shabelskii-Bork, who had transported The
Protocols of the Elders of Zion from the Ukraine to Germany and his comrade Sergel Taboritskii traveled from
Munich to Berlin with the intention of assassinating Pavel Miliukov,
the leader of the Constitutional Democrats. (7) When the critical moment
arrived, they shot and killed Vladimir Nabokov, also a Constitutional
Democratic leader and the father of the famous novelist, instead. (8) Shabelskil-Bork and Tabon'tskii
were eventually sentenced to 12 and 14 years jail time respectively. (9)
Members of Aufbau
also had active connections with a conspiratorial body under Captain Hermann Ehrhardt
that carried out covert anti Bolshevik and anti-Weimar military preparations,
committed terrorist acts, and possessed close links to the NSDAP.(10)
Organization C arose
around the same time as the Monarchical Congress of Bad Reichenhall in June 1921.
Shortly after the conclusion of the Congress. officers of the disbanded
Ehrhardt Brigade who had participated in the Kapp Putsch formed Organisation Consul, commonly known as Organization C. with
"Consul" standing for Ehrhardt himself. (11) Organization C became
infamous for its attempted and successful assassinations of leftist, often
Jewish, leaders in the early years of the Weimar Republic.(12) Aufbau
increasingly coordinated its secretive activities with those of Organization C.
In a manner similar to Aufbau, the highly nationalistic and conspiratorial
Organization C rejected the Treaty of Versailles and the Weimar Constitution
and dedicated itself to fighting socialism, Bolshevism, and "Jewry"
under the motto of "struggle for Germany's rebirth.”
Section C of
Organization C oversaw right wing press and propaganda. Section C stood under
the command of Lieutenant-Commander Eberhard Kautter,
the only non-White Russian allowed to participate actively in the Monarchical
Congress at Bad Reichenhall (perhaps with the exception of Kapp Putsch
conspirator and Aufbau member Colonel Karl Bauer, who was rumored to have
secretly participated in the proceedings), a fact that further demonstrates
significant coordination between White Russian circles and Organization C.
Introduction: A Russian Connection
In
this series of lectures I will discuss a number of early influences on the rise
of Hitler and the early Nazi party.
Hitler's Secret "Protocols" P.1
The Protocols of the Wise Elders of Zion, were not fabricated in Paris,
but within Imperial Russia between April 1902 and August 1903. The earliest
versions of the Protocols contain pronounced Ukrainian features, whereas later
ones were given French overtones in order to lend them the appearance of
credible accounts from abroad.
Hitler's Secret "Protocols" P.2
General Vladimir Biskupskil, who went on to
collaborate closely with Hitler in the context of the Aufbau Vereinigung in postwar Munich, played a leading role in the
Ukrainian Volunteer Army. "Conservative revolutionaries" in Imperial
Germany and Russia established detailed anti-Western, anti-Semitic ideologies
in the months leading up to the Bolshevik Revolution. The largely
internally-orientated voelkisch model focused on
alleged Germanic racial and spiritual superiority through a heightened capacity
to negate the will heroically, whereas the more externally- fixated Russian
version offered apocalyptic visions of concrete political struggle between
Russians at the head of all Slavs and perceived Jewish world-conspirators.
Hitler’s Source P.1
The Protocols did provide anti-Semitic arguments that strongly influenced the
ideology of the National Socialist movement, going through 33 editions by the
time Hitler came to power and becoming the most widely-distributed work in the world
after the Bible. The National Socialist regime did not reprint the Protocols
after the outbreak of World War II, though, perhaps precisely due to the
Protocols' parallels with both brutal National Socialist occupation policies in
Eastern Europe and public pacification efforts domestically.
Hitler’s Source P.2
Anticipating Tsarist pretender Kirill's arrival in Germany, General Ludendorff
worked to establish an intelligence service for Kirill in early April 1922. He
asked Walther Nicolai, who had served him as the head of the German Army High
Command Intelligence Service during World War one, to use his considerable
experience and connections to establish a reliable pro-Kirill intelligence
service for the struggle against Bolshevism.
The German Kaiser's Confident P.1
By 1937 the NSDAP, the Wehrmacht, and, to a lesser extent, German society
accepted Ludendorffs ideology. In the regime and the
Wehrmacht he had tacit allies who helped to legitimize and propagate Deutsche Gotterkenntnis. Those who sympathized with him and his
ideology existed at all levels of the Nazi hierarchy. Although today he may be
forgotten, and although his memorial shrine in Tutzing
may be neglected, Erich Ludendorff was one of the most important Germans of the
twentieth century.
The German Kaiser's Confident P.2
The Ludendorffs (now Hohe Warte) advocated a return to traditional rural German
culture since they believed that the demands of modem capitalist society had
tom the German people from the soil, causing them to forget their heritage and
ensuring their submission to finance and industrial capital. The Ludendorffs' ideology paralleled similar intellectual
developments among Conservative Revolutionaries.
The Ideologists and First Financiers of Hitler P.1
Before the establishment of the “Aufbau” Vereinigung
in late 1920, the collaboration between Eckart and Rosenberg in the context of
Eckhart’s Newspaper In Plain German.” Formed the crux of the fusion between voelkisch-redemptive German and White Russian world conspiratonial-apocalyptic anti-Semitic thought, where
"positive" notions of Germanic spiritual and racial superiority fused
with more negative visions of impending "Jewish Bolshevik"
destruction supported by Jewish finance capitalists.
The Ideologists and First Financiers of Hitler P.2
By 1923, Hitler had thoroughly internalized Aufbau’s and the people around it,
assertions, of the nature of socialism and its most aggressive variant
Bolshevism as mere tools of Jewish finance capitalism to enslave European
peoples…
Dietrich Eckart, Rosenberg, and the White Russian Influence on Nazi
Ideology, P.1
The ensuing military conflagration, Eckart continued, had led to the
destruction of Imperial Russia so that "Jewish Bolshevism" could take
root there. He also warned that there would arise "from the Neva to the
Rhine, on the bloody ruins of the previous national traditions, a single Jewish
empire.
Dietrich Eckart, Rosenberg, and the White Russian Influence on Nazi
Ideology, P.2
Hitler in his unpublished 1928 sequel to Mein Kampf,
further expounded upon the Aufbau/Eckartian theme of
the "Jewish Bolshevik" annihilation of the leading elements of
Russian society as a precedent for further Jewish atrocities. He argued that
"Jewry exterminated the previous foreign upper strata with the help of
Slavic racial instincts."
The
"Final" Solution Before WWII, P.1
Hitler continued to express a view of history whereby Jews pitted Germans and
Russians against each other after 1923. As witnessed in his unpublished 1928
sequel to Mein Kampf. He argued of "the
Jew's" drive to dominate the European peoples that he -methodically
agitates for world war" with the aim of "the destruction of inwardly
anti-Semitic Russia as well as the destruction of the German Reich. which in
administration and the army still offered resistance to the Jew."
The
"Final" Solution Before WWII, P.2
That which Jewry once planned against Germany and all peoples of Europe. this
must (Jewry) itself suffer today, and responsibility before the history of
European culture demands that we do not carry out this fateful separation (Schicksalstrennung) with sentimentality and weakness, but
with clear, rational awareness and firm determination.” (Rosenberg 1941 press
release dealing with his public assumption of the position of State
Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories.)
Early Nazis and the Mystical Connection P.1
Like the mystical inclined author Sergei Nilus, who
had played a crucial role in popularizing The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Vinberg viewed Jews as a satanic force.
Early Nazis and the Mystical Connection P.2
Hitler asserted that "liberalism, our press, the stock market, and
Freemasonry" together represented nothing but "Instrument[s] of the
Jews."
Early Nazis and the Mystical Connection P.3
By the time of Ludendorfrs death, Deutsche Gotterkenninis had become for Nazis a legitimate
Weltanschauung. Ludendorff's vision of a totalitarian society unified in the
face of external and internal threats was nearly identical to the
Weltanschauung of Nazism.
1) MMFT report to the
DB from December 24. 1923. RGVA (TKhIDK),fond 7. opis 2. delo 2575, reel 2. 133.
2) DB report from
April 9, 1923, RGVA (TKhIDK),fond 7. opis 1. delo 2575. reel 2. 133.
3)PDM report to the
BSMA from December 12, 1923, BHSAM. BSMA 36, number 103472. 50.
4) DB report from May
15.1923, RGVA (TKhIDK). fond 7. opis
1. delo 954, reel 1. 55: DB report from May 23, 1923.
RGVA (TKhIDK).fond 7, opis
1, delo 876, reel 4. 349: “Erneuerung,”
Voelkischer Beobachter, May 4, 1923, 4.
5) FAIAFKK report to
the BSMI from May 23, 1923, BHSAM. BSMI 22. number 71625, fiche 2. 60.
6) Bohdan's testimony
included in an FA/AFKK report to the BSMI from May 23. 1923. BHSAM, BSMI 22.
number 71625, fiche 2, 63.
7) RUo0 report to the
RWM from May 15, 1923 presented at the 4. SAUV on October 12. 1927. BHSAM. BSM
36. number 103476/1, 4 1: Nikolai Derezynskii’s
testimony included in an FA/AFKK report to the BSMI from May 23. 1923. BHSAM,
BSMI 22, number 71625, fiche 2. 66.
8) Friedrich Preitner's testimony included in an F.41AFAW report to the
BSMI from May 24, 1923. BHSAM. BSMI 22, number 71625, fiche 2. 68, 69; PDMf report to the BSMI from November 14, 1922, BHSAM, BSMI
22. number 73685, fiche 1, 5.
9) PDM report to the
BSMI from April 11, 1923, BSAM, PDM. number 6707, 16.
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