The “Final” Solution Before WWII, P.2
Hitler used Eckart as
a source of information on "Jewish Bolshevism's" alleged destruction of
the Russian intelligentsia. In his notes for a December 1920 speech, he jotted
the remarks: "the bloody Jew. The Russian mortuary. Slaughter of the
intellectual leadership of a people. A people without brain-workers is lost
(The Soviet X Dietrich Eckart X).(1)
Like the White
Russians who supported him, Aufbau, and Eckhart, Hitler clearly compared German
conditions with those in the Soviet Union, claiming that the Jews were inciting
the masses for the "final blow against the state" in Germany, "like
in Soviet Russia." He concluded this published essay by noting that
"world history mercilessly takes revenge for neglected necessities. Look
at Russia.”(2)
Hitler asserted in an
April 1922 speech that "Bolshevism" under Jewish Commissars meant
"shooting the intellectual head of the nation, that is, bringing it to the
scaffold," and he stressed, "as in Russia, exactly so with us."
He then asked where the National Socialist movement could look for assistance,
asserting that "the left ... cannot help," whereas "the right
would like to help," but it could not do so since it had "still not
grasped that it is not necessary to be an enemy of the Jew in order to be
dragged to the scaffold by him one day in accordance with the Russian
model," failing to appreciate that all that was necessary to be executed
was "to have a head and not to be a jew.”(3)
Hitler wrote in Mein Kampf; “the blood- Jew and tyrant over peoples. In a few
years tries to exterminate the national intelligentsia and by robbing the
peoples of their natural intellectual leadership makes them ripe for the
slave's lot of permanent subjugation. He asserted that "the most frightful
example of this kind is offered by Russia. where [the Jew] killed or starved
about thirty million people with positively fanatical savagery, in part amid
inhuman tortures .” (4)
Hitler in his
unpublished 1928 sequel to Mein Kampf, further
expounded upon the Aufbau/Eckartian theme of the
"Jewish Bolshevik" annihilation of the leading elements of Russian
society as a precedent for further Jewish atrocities. He argued that
"Jewry exterminated the previous foreign upper strata with the help of
Slavic racial instincts." In the conclusion of his work, he asserted that
"the total victims of this Jewish struggle for hegemony in Russia amounted
to 28-30 million dead for the Russian people." He further argued of
"the Jew" that his ultimate goal is the denationalization, the
muddled half-breeding of the other peoples. the lowering of the racial level of
the most superior, as well as the domination of this racial mush through the
extermination of the Voelkisch inte
lligentsias and their replacement through the members
of his own people. The result of the Jewish world struggle will hence always be
bloody Bolshevization, which is in reality the destruction of the peoples' own
intellectual upper strata so that [the Jew] himself is able to rise to become
the master of humanity.(5)
In an article in a
May 1922 edition of the Voelkischer Beobachter.
"A New World War in Sight!," Eckart again warned of the impending
destruction of the German nationalist leadership at the hands of international
Jewry. He lamented that a Jew, Walther Rathenau. Germany's Foreign Minister
(who was soon afterwards assassinated ), had officially recognized the Soviet
Union at negotiations in Rapallo, Italy. He asserted that this initiative had
"nothing to do with the German or the Russian people," but rather had
been coordinated by "all the Jews of the world." Eckartwrote,
"Israel stands directly in front of its ancient goal: just several months,
and Jewish Bolshevism will have destroyed the German nationality, the only
opposition that could pit itself against the 'people of God' on its path to
(lawless) world rule." (6) Here Eckart cast the Germans as the last
bulwark against Jewish efforts to eliminate the best of the Gentiles through
Bolshevism.
The Later Nazi Period
Earlier ideas
suggested by Aufbau, General Ludendorff, Vladimir Biskupskil
and others in the 1923 period where later implemented during WWII.
In fact cooperation
between Hitler, Aufbau members, and White Russian elements, continued. Soon
after Hitler became the chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. Poltavets-Ostranitsa wrote him a congratulatory letter. He
emphasized that National Socialists had long known that; Germany's freedom and
space in the East is bound together-to weaken the Russian pan-Slavic and
pan-Communist danger for Europe. And I am firmly determined to go with [you]
hand in hand. foot by foot, step by step through all difficulties, in complete
belief in your victory.”(7)
In May 1935 Poltavets-Ostranitsa wrote in a letter to Hitler that
indicates close military planning between the National Socialist regime and the
National Ukrainian Cossack Union. Poltavets-Ostranitsa.
After noting that "the Ukrainian Cossacks have fought in conjunction with
the NSDAP against the enemies of the National Socialist Weltanschaung,"
he pledged that "if Germany should be attacked from one side or
another," then "the Ukrainian Cossacks are ready to fight immediately
in the ranks of the German army. I hereby place all able-bodied members of the
Ukrainian Cossacks fit for action in Germany and abroad at the disposal of Your
Exceliency."(8)
Soon after the
conclusion of the Hitler-Stalin Pact, Rosenberg submitted a memorandum to
Hitler in early April 1941, dealing with plans for administering the Eastern
territories after the invasion of the Soviet Union in accordance with basic
Aufbau policy of almost twenty years before, only with a more pronounced
anti-Great Russian tendency.
On April 20 1941, his
birthday, Hitler named Rosenberg to serve as as
Representative of the Ffihrer for the Central of
Questions of the East European Area (Beauftragter des
Fuhrers fuer die Centrale Bearbeitung
der Fragen des Osteuropeischen
Raumes).
Hitler and
Rosenberg's emphasis on winning the Ukraine in the tradition of Aufbau and
along the lines that Poltavets-Ostranitsa had long
advocated, while leading to short-term gains, helped to bring about the
ultimate military defeat of the Third Reich.
Hitler's Wehrmacht
attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, beginning what was termed
"Operation Barbarossa" with three main army groups, of which Army
Group Center contained 1.6 million of the 2.5 million German soldiers on the
Eastern Front.
Hitler agreed to arm
Cossack units to fight against the Red Army. In March 1942, Poltavets-Ostranitsa
held personal talks with Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel relating to matters on
the Eastern Front.
For the duration of
German operations over large Eastern areas in World War II, Rosenberg served as
the official head of German occupation as the State Minister for the Occupied
Eastern Territories . Hitler secretly named him to this post on July 17, 1941,
allowing the latter's appointment to be publicly announced on November 18, 1941
. In accordance with the basic principles of Aufbau.
However Rosenberg and
his colleague Schickedanz, had to watch
disapprovingly as their ideas of close collaboration with Ukrainians and a
relatively lenient attitude towards other Eastern peoples frequently lost out
to brutal policies. Rosenberg was not allowed to turn the Ukraine into the sort
of quasi protectorate along the lines that he desired.
As fortunes turned
increasingly against the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front.
Poltavets-Ostranitsa remained steadfast in his support of the German war
effort. He wrote Rosenberg in February 1943, noting the exemplary service that
Cossacks had already given the Wehrmacht and urging him to make greater use of
this “warlike people." which could be mobilized into a fighting force of
over one and half million soldiers for the "liberation of the Eastern
territories. Poltavets Ostranitsa
ultimately ended up working for the SS Race and Settlement Main Office) based
in Prague during the final stages of the war.
National Socialism
and Aufbau ideology with its emphasis on conspiratorial and apocalyptic
elements of the perceived "Jewish Bolshevik" menace helped to spur
the implementation of the National Socialist policy of the expulsion, and annihilation
of European Jewry. Rosenberg continued to act as a leading anti-Semitic
ideologue after Hitler himself in the NSDAP.
One of Rosenberg's
principle ideological themes represented the perceived alliance of finance
capital with Bolshevism through conspiratorial Jewish machinations. Hitler
clearly demonstrated this belief in Jewry as the driving force behind
international finance capitalism and Bolshevism in his infamous speech before
the Reichstag, then a ceremonial parliament. on January 30, 1939.
During this oration,
Hitler stressed that "if international finance Jewry in and outside Europe
should succeed in plunging peoples Into a world war again, then the result will
not be the Bolshevization of the earth and with it the victory of Jewry, but the
destruction of the Jewish race in Europe."
Hitler decided to
exterminate civilian Jews of the Soviet Union in mid-July 1941. This resolution
to implement the first phase of the "Final Solution" coincided with
his appointment of Rosenberg to this post on July 17.
The November 18, 1941
press release dealing with his public assumption of the position "The
Struggle between Chaos and Form: On the Appointment of Reichsleiter
Alfred Rosenberg to State Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories."
stressed that;
“Bolshevism is in
essence the form of the Jewish world revolution. the enormously calculated
'messianic' attempt to take revenge on the eternally foreign character of the Europeans
and not just the Europeans. And destiny has decided against Jewry. The
victorious battles of the German struggle for liberation have created a new
basis for Europe. The German advance in the Bolshevik East will lead to the
complete elimination (zur restlosen
Beseitigung) of Jewish-Bolshevik rule in this area.
That which Jewry once planned against Germany and all peoples of Europe. this
must (Jewry] itself suffer today, and responsibility before the history of
European culture demands that we do not carry out this fateful separation (Schicksalstrennung) with sentimentality and weakness, but
with clear, rational awareness and firm determination.”
Introduction: A Russian Connection
In
this series of lectures I will discuss a number of early influences on the rise
of Hitler and the early Nazi party.
Hitler's Secret "Protocols" P.1
The Protocols of the Wise Elders of Zion, were not fabricated in Paris,
but within Imperial Russia between April 1902 and August 1903. The earliest versions
of the Protocols contain pronounced Ukrainian features, whereas later ones were
given French overtones in order to lend them the appearance of credible
accounts from abroad.
Hitler's Secret "Protocols" P.2
General Vladimir Biskupskil, who went on to
collaborate closely with Hitler in the context of the Aufbau Vereinigung in postwar Munich, played a leading role in the
Ukrainian Volunteer Army. "Conservative revolutionaries" in Imperial
Germany and Russia established detailed anti-Western, anti-Semitic ideologies
in the months leading up to the Bolshevik Revolution. The largely
internally-orientated voelkisch model focused on
alleged Germanic racial and spiritual superiority through a heightened capacity
to negate the will heroically, whereas the more externally- fixated Russian
version offered apocalyptic visions of concrete political struggle between
Russians at the head of all Slavs and perceived Jewish world-conspirators.
Hitler’s Source P.1
The Protocols did provide anti-Semitic arguments that strongly influenced the
ideology of the National Socialist movement, going through 33 editions by the
time Hitler came to power and becoming the most widely-distributed work in the
world after the Bible. The National Socialist regime did not reprint the
Protocols after the outbreak of World War II, though, perhaps precisely due to
the Protocols' parallels with both brutal National Socialist occupation
policies in Eastern Europe and public pacification efforts domestically.
Hitler’s Source P.2
Anticipating Tsarist pretender Kirill's arrival in Germany, General Ludendorff
worked to establish an intelligence service for Kirill in early April 1922. He
asked Walther Nicolai, who had served him as the head of the German Army High
Command Intelligence Service during World War one, to use his considerable
experience and connections to establish a reliable pro-Kirill intelligence
service for the struggle against Bolshevism.
The German Kaiser's Confident P.1
By 1937 the NSDAP, the Wehrmacht, and, to a lesser extent, German society
accepted Ludendorffs ideology. In the regime and the
Wehrmacht he had tacit allies who helped to legitimize and propagate Deutsche Gotterkenntnis. Those who sympathized with him and his
ideology existed at all levels of the Nazi hierarchy. Although today he may be
forgotten, and although his memorial shrine in Tutzing
may be neglected, Erich Ludendorff was one of the most important Germans of the
twentieth century.
The German Kaiser's Confident P.2
The Ludendorffs (now Hohe Warte) advocated a return to traditional rural German culture
since they believed that the demands of modem capitalist society had tom the
German people from the soil, causing them to forget their heritage and ensuring
their submission to finance and industrial capital. The Ludendorffs'
ideology paralleled similar intellectual developments among Conservative
Revolutionaries.
The Ideologists and First Financiers of Hitler P.1
Before the establishment of the “Aufbau” Vereinigung
in late 1920, the collaboration between Eckart and Rosenberg in the context of
Eckhart’s Newspaper In Plain German.” Formed the crux of the fusion between voelkisch-redemptive German and White Russian world conspiratonial-apocalyptic anti-Semitic thought, where
"positive" notions of Germanic spiritual and racial superiority fused
with more negative visions of impending "Jewish Bolshevik"
destruction supported by Jewish finance capitalists.
The Ideologists and First Financiers of Hitler P.2
By 1923, Hitler had thoroughly internalized Aufbau’s and the people around it,
assertions, of the nature of socialism and its most aggressive variant
Bolshevism as mere tools of Jewish finance capitalism to enslave European
peoples…
Dietrich Eckart, Rosenberg, and the White Russian Influence on Nazi
Ideology, P.1
The ensuing military conflagration, Eckart continued, had led to the
destruction of Imperial Russia so that "Jewish Bolshevism" could take
root there. He also warned that there would arise "from the Neva to the
Rhine, on the bloody ruins of the previous national traditions, a single Jewish
empire.
Dietrich Eckart, Rosenberg, and the White Russian Influence on Nazi
Ideology, P.2
Hitler in his unpublished 1928 sequel to Mein Kampf,
further expounded upon the Aufbau/Eckartian theme of
the "Jewish Bolshevik" annihilation of the leading elements of
Russian society as a precedent for further Jewish atrocities. He argued that "Jewry
exterminated the previous foreign upper strata with the help of Slavic racial
instincts."
The
"Final" Solution Before WWII, P.1
Hitler continued to express a view of history whereby Jews pitted Germans and
Russians against each other after 1923. As witnessed in his unpublished 1928
sequel to Mein Kampf. He argued of "the
Jew's" drive to dominate the European peoples that he -methodically
agitates for world war" with the aim of "the destruction of inwardly
anti-Semitic Russia as well as the destruction of the German Reich. which in
administration and the army still offered resistance to the Jew."
The
"Final" Solution Before WWII, P.2
That which Jewry once planned against Germany and all peoples of Europe. this
must (Jewry) itself suffer today, and responsibility before the history of
European culture demands that we do not carry out this fateful separation (Schicksalstrennung) with sentimentality and weakness, but
with clear, rational awareness and firm determination.” (Rosenberg 1941 press
release dealing with his public assumption of the position of State
Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories.)
Early Nazis and the Mystical Connection P.1
Like the mystical inclined author Sergei Nilus, who
had played a crucial role in popularizing The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Vinberg viewed Jews as a satanic force.
Early Nazis and the Mystical Connection P.2
Hitler asserted that "liberalism, our press, the stock market, and
Freemasonry" together represented nothing but "Instrument[s] of the
Jews."
Early Nazis and the Mystical Connection P.3
By the time of Ludendorfrs death, Deutsche Gotterkenninis had become for Nazis a legitimate
Weltanschauung. Ludendorff's vision of a totalitarian society unified in the
face of external and internal threats was nearly identical to the
Weltanschauung of Nazism.
1) Hitler. Notes for speech on December 9, 1920, Saemtliche Aufzeichnungen. 275.
3) Hitler. Ist die Errichtung einer die breiten Massen
erfassenden Voelkischen Zeitung eine nationale Notwencligkelt?," Voelkischer
Beobachter. January 30. 1921, 1, 3.
4) Hitler. Mein Kampf , 314. 320. 326.
5) Hitler. “Hitlers Zweites Buch. 156. 158. 22 1.
6) Eckart. "Ein neuer Weltkrieg in Sicht!” Voelkischer Beobachter. May 17. 1922. 1.
7) Letter from Ivan Poltavets-Ostranitsa to Adolf Hitler from February 10,
1933. KR, BA. NS S. number 100,55-57.
8) Letter from Poltavets-Ostranitsa to Hitler from May 1923, 1935, PAAA.
31668, 56, 57.
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